Medical Instruments

Ελληνικά

KNIFE HANDLE WITH SCALPEL

Bandage Scissor

TOLYPOLAVIDA / THYROID / CARDIOFORMIS

The Surgical Scalpels
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The surgeon's knife, the surgical scalpel, is a small pointed tool used for surgical incisions, for making incisions in the skin or internal organs. The scalpel, often referred to as a surgical blade, is a compact, extremely sharp medical tool used by surgeons to make incisions during surgery or anatomy.
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Steel and stainless steel are the most common materials used in blades. Surgical scalpels belong to the tissue-cutting instruments. The blade is applied to a handle and most surgical handles are metal and/or plastic, while the permanent blade is used less frequently.
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The types of scalpels vary depending on the purpose of their use.
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Classic Scalpels: Classic scalpels consist of two blades that meet at the nose. Their construction includes stainless steel for the blades and handle, so they are durable and easy to care for and disinfect. The blades are usually thin and sharp for precise removal of threads.
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Scalpels with Curved Blades: These scalpels have curved blades that are suitable for removing threads in hard-to-reach areas or when special care is required to avoid injury to the skin.
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Scalpels with Clamping System: Some scalpels have a clamping mechanism on the handle that allows the user to control the pressure and precision when removing the threads.

Moreover, there are also scissors for tissue, sutures, angled, straight, microsurgery, plastic, wire, etc.

The Evolution of Surgical Tools
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«And the instruments are always pleasing to grace, seen in size and weight and delicacy» (On Jesus, 2, Hippocrates)

All current surgical terminology has been given based on references to written texts and archaeological findings. The first person to systematically work on the manufacture of surgical instruments was Hippocrates of Caesarea (460-370 BC). He invented drills, forceps, needles, needles, files, forceps, surgical hooks, etc. References to surgical instruments are scattered throughout almost all the texts in the Hippocratic Collection, and they are not the only ones. Various suction cups, scalpels, etc., which were also found in Epidaurus, come from the Hippocratic period, the 5th-4th century BC..

Archaeological excavation has brought to light a number of surgical instruments, even from the time of Homer, while some date back to the Mycenaean period, 1400 BC. Medical instruments are also on display at the Acropolis Museum.
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Surgical tools, some with miniature decoration, of the 1st century A.D. Knives, tweezers, scissors, scissors, scissors, clasps, dies, scrapers, hooks and drills are distinguished.

From time to time in excavations, surgical tools have been found that have nothing to envy from today's tools. So the scalpel has been in the same form for centuries, now. The scalpel is still a scalpel today. They keep their original names and not only in the Greek language.
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Of course, the materials of construction differentiate them and testify to the periods of their construction and use. Ambroise Pare, in his work 'Instrumenta chyrurgiae et ikones anatomicae', describes the design and manufacture of a large number of surgical instruments, while craftsmen in iron, copper and silver succeeded in designing thinner and easier to use instruments.Before iron, obsidian was used. The discovery of titanium (1791) and chrome (1761) marked a milestone in modern surgical tool making.
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The discovery of stainless steel was made in 1821 by Pierre Berthier who discovered that the chromium layer protects steel from corrosion and is reused by sterilisation. Most tools are made of stainless steel with various alloys of iron, chromium and carbon, depending on the manufacturer and the intended use.
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The rapid development of technology has driven scientific and medical research in search of innovative techniques to achieve the best possible results.
‍
The use, the name of the inventor, the scientific name, in relation to the type of surgery for which each surgical instrument is intended, are the basic elements for giving a name to each instrument and are criteria for their classification in more general categories.
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Suction cups, tweezers, tweezers, hydroscopes, colposcopes,
metroscope, catheters, scissors, etc. found
in the surgeon's house in Pompeii. 78 BC. (M.I.I.P.I.)

I. Tissue cutting tools (scalpel, scissors, knives)
II. Tissue engineering tools (Atraumatic forceps)
III. Tissue retention tools (anatomical, surgical, haemostatic forceps)
IV. Tissue repulsion tools (Surgical hooks of various sizes)
V. Tissue stapling tools (Velcro)
VI. Suction tools.

Surgical instruments Epidaurus, 5th century BC. Archaeological Museum. Epidaurus (panel M.I.I.I.P.I.)

The Surgical Scalpel

The oldest surgical instruments used included simple metal blades.
The separation of the blade from the handle on scalpels is considered to have occurred mainly in the Alexandrian period and not in the Hippocratic period. The evolution of surgical blades in recent years has seen significant improvements that have affected the performance and safety of surgical procedures.
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Blades are made from materials such as stainless steel and titanium.Stainless steel when replaced by titanium, a lightweight metal that has high corrosion resistance, gives blades that are more durable.
The emergence of the first medical blades with a safety mechanism allows surgeons to perform procedures with speed and precision.

In the early 19th century, surgical blades were made of stainless steel, but their design was quite simple and basic and usually had a blade with a simple handle.
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In the 20th century, surgical blades evolved further with the addition of ergonomic handles for better control and precision in use.
Advances in sterilisation technology allow the use of single blades for a single use, reducing the risk of infection transmission.
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Today, surgical blades are made of very high quality stainless steel or titanium, which are durable and easy to sterilize.

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Surgical scissors
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The scissors belong to the tissue cutting tools and are used for all kinds of surgical procedures and operations. They are cutting tools in many shapes, straight, angled or curved, with pointed or rounded tips. Their handles are long or short.
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Scissors are used in many areas of medicine, including general surgery, orthopaedics, plastic surgery, ophthalmology and other specialties. Each type of scissors is chosen according to the needs of the specific operation.
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The shears are usually made of high quality stainless steel, which is durable, antiseptic and corrosion resistant. Smaller scissors are used for details and precise incisions.Some scissors have a locking mechanism that allows the surgeon to lock the scissors in a specific position for stability during use.
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The types of scissors vary depending on the purpose of their use:

Smooth-bladed scissors (with an aseptic blade) are used for fine incisions in soft tissues such as skin.
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‍ Scissors with teeth (sweeping scissors), which have knobs or teeth on the blade to allow cutting of tissue.
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Curved shears, with a curved blade that matches the shape of the tissue they cut.
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Special scissors, such as scissors for the removal of surgical sutures notched suture scissors.
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Bandage scissors, ophthalmic scissors.

The Evolution of Surgical Tools
‍
«And the instruments are always pleasing to grace, seen in size and weight and delicacy» (On Jesus, 2, Hippocrates)

All current surgical terminology has been given based on references to written texts and archaeological findings. The first person to systematically work on the manufacture of surgical instruments was Hippocrates of Caesarea (460-370 BC). He invented drills, forceps, needles, needles, files, forceps, surgical hooks, etc. References to surgical instruments are scattered throughout almost all the texts in the Hippocratic Collection, and they are not the only ones. Various suction cups, scalpels, etc., which were also found in Epidaurus, come from the Hippocratic period, the 5th-4th century BC.
‍
Archaeological excavation has brought to light a number of surgical instruments, even from the time of Homer, while some date back to the Mycenaean period, 1400 BC. Medical instruments are also on display at the Acropolis Museum.

‍

Surgical tools, some with miniature decoration, of the 1st century A.D. Knives, tweezers, scissors, scissors, scissors, clasps, dies, scrapers, hooks and drills are distinguished.

From time to time in excavations, surgical tools have been found that have nothing to envy from today's tools. So the scalpel has been in the same form for centuries, now. The scalpel is still a scalpel today. They keep their original names and not only in the Greek language.
‍
Of course, the materials of construction differentiate them and testify to the periods of their construction and use. Ambroise Pare, in his work 'Instrumenta chyrurgiae et ikones anatomicae', describes the design and manufacture of a large number of surgical instruments, while craftsmen in iron, copper and silver succeeded in designing thinner and easier to use instruments.
‍
Before iron, obsidian was used. The discovery of titanium (1791) and chrome (1761) marked a milestone in modern surgical tool making.
‍
The discovery of stainless steel was made in 1821 by Pierre Berthier who discovered that the chromium layer protects steel from corrosion and is reused by sterilisation. Most tools are made of stainless steel with various alloys of iron, chromium and carbon, depending on the manufacturer and the intended use.
‍
The rapid development of technology has driven scientific and medical research in search of innovative techniques to achieve the best possible results.
‍
The use, the name of the inventor, the scientific name, in relation to the type of surgery for which each surgical instrument is intended, are the basic elements for giving a name to each instrument and are criteria for their classification in more general categories.

‍

Suction cups, tweezers, tweezers, hydroscopes, colposcopes,
metroscope, catheters, scissors, etc. found
in the surgeon's house in Pompeii. 78 BC.(M.I.I.P.I.)

I. Tissue cutting tools (scalpel, scissors, knives)
II. Tissue engineering tools (Atraumatic forceps)
III. Tissue retention tools (anatomical, surgical, haemostatic forceps)
IV. Tissue repulsion tools (Surgical hooks of various sizes)
V. Tissue stapling tools (Velcro)
VI. Suction tools.

Surgical instruments Epidaurus, 5th century BC. Archaeological Museum.Epidaurus (panel M.I.I.I.P.I.)

The surgical scissors

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Medical scissors are tools used in medicine and their history is inextricably linked to the development of surgical medicine.
The evolution of surgical scissors has been linked to technological advances, surgical needs and the search for patient safety.
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In the early 19th century, surgical scissors were simple tools made of stainless steel. They had fixed blades that met each other using a spring. In the early 20th century, surgical scissors were made primarily of stainless steel, which is corrosion resistant and easy to sterilize.

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The design of the surgical scissors has been improved to be more precise and effective. The blades are usually slightly curved to make it easier to cut tissue.
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Technology evolved and scissors with improved ergonomic design appeared. Metallurgy technology evolved further, allowing the creation of blades with even greater durability and precision. So today, surgical scissors are high quality tools, made of stainless steel or titanium, with an ergonomic design and very precise cutting mechanisms, providing surgeons with the precision and safety they need for surgical procedures.
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Over time, special surgical scissors were developed for various procedures. There are scissors for suture removal and application, scissors for tissue removal, and scissors with special features for various surgical approaches.
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The technology has been incorporated into surgical shears, allowing more precise and efficient work, control of power and cutting speed.

Medical Forceps, Pincer
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They are tissue gripping and holding tools. Those with anatomical, round linear jaws and the serrated or surgical ones with 1-2 or more teeth to hold the tissues. There are several types. Haemostatic forceps, with lines on the jaws, which grip the mouths of cut vessels to stop bleeding.
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The surgical forceps are stainless steel and their handles can be locked in multiple positions to maintain various levels of constant pressure. There are different types, such as anatomical with round linear jaws, the serrated or surgical forceps with 1-2 or more teeth to hold the tissues, the osteocutaneous forceps are large long forceps with circular jaws to hold the bones.
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There are very many types of haemostatic forceps, in various sizes and shapes, with differences in the number and shape of the lines. Some are used for specific tissues, e.g. lungs, kidneys, liver, etc.
Typical are stone tongs, straight or curved, bone tongs with large long circular jaws to hold the bones.
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The suture grasping forceps have a small flat surface at their end that ensures absolute contact between the two legs.
Among the various types of forceps are:
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Spencer forceps: Spencer forceps are quite common in the field of surgery. They have a notched design and are mainly used for removing sutures and threads.
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Mayo forceps: Mayo forceps are also well known and are mainly used for surgical procedures. They have a longer design and are suitable for various tasks in surgery, such as tissue closure.
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Adson forceps: Adson forceps have blades with fine serrations at the end and are used for detailed work in surgery, such as suturing.
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Debakey forceps: Debakey forceps are also notched and have a special design for precise removal of threads from the skin.
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Russian forceps: Russian forceps have blades that are slightly curved and are mainly used to remove threads in the surgical field.
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Hemostatic forceps: these forceps have special blades with knobs that allow bleeding control during surgery.

The Evolution of Surgical Tools
‍
«And the instruments are always pleasing to grace, seen in size and weight and delicacy» (On Jesus, 2, Hippocrates)

All current surgical terminology has been given based on references to written texts and archaeological findings. The first person to systematically work on the manufacture of surgical instruments was Hippocrates of Caesarea (460-370 BC). He invented drills, forceps, needles, needles, files, forceps, surgical hooks, etc. References to surgical instruments are scattered throughout almost all the texts in the Hippocratic Collection, and they are not the only ones. Various suction cups, scalpels, etc., which were also found in Epidaurus, come from the Hippocratic period, the 5th-4th century BC.
‍
Archaeological excavation has brought to light a number of surgical instruments, even from the time of Homer, while some date back to the Mycenaean period, 1400 BC. Medical instruments are also on display at the Acropolis Museum.

Surgical tools, some with miniature decoration, of the 1st century A.D. Knives, tweezers, scissors, scissors, scissors, clasps, dies, scrapers, hooks and drills are distinguished.

From time to time in excavations, surgical tools have been found that have nothing to envy from today's tools. So the scalpel has been in the same form for centuries, now. The scalpel is still a scalpel today. They keep their original names and not only in the Greek language.

Of course, the materials of construction differentiate them and testify to the periods of their construction and use. Ambroise Pare, in his work 'Instrumenta chyrurgiae et ikones anatomicae', describes the design and manufacture of a large number of surgical instruments, while craftsmen in iron, copper and silver succeeded in designing thinner and easier to use instruments.
‍
Before iron, obsidian was used. The discovery of titanium (1791) and chrome (1761) marked a milestone in modern surgical tool making.
‍
The discovery of stainless steel was made in 1821 by Pierre Berthier who discovered that the chromium layer protects steel from corrosion and is reused by sterilisation. Most tools are made of stainless steel with various alloys of iron, chromium and carbon, depending on the manufacturer and the intended use.
‍
The rapid development of technology has driven scientific and medical research in search of innovative techniques to achieve the best possible results.
‍
The use, the name of the inventor, the scientific name, in relation to the type of surgery for which each surgical instrument is intended, are the basic elements for giving a name to each instrument and are criteria for their classification in more general categories.
‍
‍

Suction cups, tweezers, tweezers, hydroscopes, colposcopes,
metroscope, catheters, scissors, etc. found
in the surgeon's house in Pompeii. 78 BC. (M.I.I.P.I.)

I. Tissue cutting tools (scalpel, scissors, knives)
II. Tissue engineering tools (Atraumatic forceps)
III. Tissue retention tools (anatomical, surgical, haemostatic forceps)
IV. Tissue repulsion tools (Surgical hooks of various sizes)
V. Tissue stapling tools (Velcro)
VI. Suction tools.

Surgical instruments Epidaurus, 5th century BC. Archaeological Museum.Epidaurus (panel M.I.I.I.P.I.)

The Surgical Forcep

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The Surgical Forceps Surgical forceps have undergone several changes and improvements in recent years.
At the beginning of the 20th century, surgical forceps were originally made of stainless steel. Subsequently, the possibility of choosing materials with special characteristics allowed the creation of titanium forceps, which are lighter and more resistant to corrosion.
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The design of the forceps is ergonomic and some surgical forceps incorporate electronic systems that allow temperature control or energy delivery during surgery, and specific forceps have been developed for different surgical approaches and applications, such as forceps for tumour removal, forceps for tissue removal and forceps for microsurgery.
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Overall, the development of surgical forceps has helped to improve the performance and safety of surgical procedures, making them more effective and safer for patients.